Since then, public and private health institutions, blood banks and manufacturers of diagnostic tests have collaborated to develop a blood safety vigilance system to reduce transfusion-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.Īt the beginning of this effort, most HIV-contaminated blood units were discarded by surrogate marker screening 2. In 1982, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) provided information on possible transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by contaminated blood and blood products 1. Hubo una alta asociación entre VIH y otros virus transmisibles por sangre. Es necesario mejorar el cuestionario predonación a fin de detectar comportamientos de riesgo entre los posibles donantes. Cuando la razón del ensayo de enzimoinmunoanálisis ≥ 3,00, el WB podría ser reemplazado por una segunda reacción de tamizaje. El 56,5% de los donantes infectados con VIH fueron repetidamente reactivos para otras reacciones de tamizaje y el 88,6% de ellos presentó coinfección con otros virus transmisibles por sangre. El 89,5% de los donantes infectados con VIH poseían factores de riesgo negados previamente. Las muestras con razón S/CO < 3,00 fueron 11,1% positivas por WB y/o la mayoría resultó no reactiva para un segundo ensayo. Las muestras con razón S/CO ≥ 3,00 en los ensayos de rutina para anti-VIH fueron 100,0% positivos para WB y/o repetidamente reactivos para una segunda reacción. Sólo un donante resultó no reactivo para anti-VIH, repetidamente reactivo para antígeno p24 y positivo por neutralización con posterior seroconversión. Se obtuvieron el 0,3623% de muestras repetidamente reactivas y el 0,2084% de donantes verdaderamente infectados con VIH. A las muestras repetidamente reactivas se les realizó otra reacción de tamizaje y/o Western blot (WB), para anticuerpos anti-VIH, o ensayo de neutralización para el antígeno p24. Se tamizaron un total de 30.132 donaciones sucesivas. En Argentina, la detección de anticuerpos anti-VIH (virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana) es obligatorio desde 1991 y desde 1997 se recomienda el tamizaje del antígeno p24. There was a high association between HIV and other blood-transmissible viruses.Īntecedentes. The pre-donation questionnaire should be improved to detect risk behavior in prospective donors. When the EIA S/CO ratio is ≥ 3.00, WB can be replaced by a second screening test. Among HIV-infected donors, 89.5% possessed risk factors (which had been denied previously), 56.5% were repeatedly reactive by other screening procedures and 88.6% were coinfected with other blood-transmissible viruses. In samples with a S/CO ratio < 3.00, 11.1% were positive by WB and/or the majority were nonreactive by the second test. Samples with a signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratio ≥ 3.00 on routine HIV Ab testing were 100.0% positive by WB and/or repeatedly reactive by the second test. Only one donor tested nonreactive for HIV Ab, repeatedly reactive for p24 Ag, positive by neutralization assay, and seroconverted later. Among the total, 0.3623% of samples were repeatedly reactive and 0.2084% were true HIV-infected donors. Repeatedly reactive samples were tested by another screening test and/or by Western blot (WB) for HIV Ab, or by a neutralization assay for p24 Ag. A total of 30,132 consecutive donations were screened. Blood donor HIV antibody detection has been mandatory in Argentina since 1991, and p24 antigen screening was recommended in 1997.
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